Thus said GOD of Hosts: The fast of the fourth month, the fast of the fifth month, the fast of the seventh month, and the fast of the tenth month shall become occasions for joy and gladness, happy festivals for the House of Judah; but you must love honesty and integrity.
As Rav Ḥana bar Bizna said that Rabbi Shimon Ḥasida said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Thus said the Lord of hosts: The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall become times of joy and gladness, and cheerful seasons, to the house of Judah” (Zechariah 8:19). It calls them days of “fast” and it calls them “times of joy and gladness.” How so? When there is peace in the world, they will be times of joy and gladness, on which eulogies and fasting are forbidden; but when there is no peace, they are days of fasting. In a time when there is no peace, why are messengers not sent out also for the fourth and tenth months, so that people can know when to observe the fasts?
A talmudi szakaszból úgy tűnik, hogy nem kötelező a böjt. Rámbám azt mondja, hogy minhág, magunkra vettük?
And the entire Jewish people follow the custom of fasting at these times and on the Thirteenth of Adar, in commemoration of the fasts that [the people] took upon themselves in the time of Haman, as mentioned [in Esther 9:31]: "the matter of the fasts and the outcries."
If the Thirteenth of Adar falls on the Sabbath, the fast is pushed forward and held on Thursday, which is the eleventh of Adar. If, however, any of the [dates of] other fasts fall on the Sabbath, the fasts are postponed until after the Sabbath. If [the dates of] these fasts fall on Friday, we should fast on Friday.
On all these fasts, the trumpets are not sounded, nor is the Ne'ilah service recited. The passage Vay'chal is read from the Torah, however, in both the morning and the afternoon services.
On all these [fasts], with the exception of Tish'ah B'Av, we may eat and drink at night.
Nem mindenki fogadja el ezt így:
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De pl. a Mágid Misne igen.
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Ezzel vitatkozik a Rogatchover (pérus hámisnájot alapján!) és a Bné Binjámin is.
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A Sulchán Áruchban már kötelezőnek tűnik:
We are required to fast on the 9th of Av, [and] on the 17th of Tammuz, and on the 3rd of Tishrei, and on the 10th of Teves because of the bad occurrences that occurred on those [days].
The (legal) distinction that there is between Tisha B'av to the other fasts, and in it there are 4 paragraphs. All are obligated to fast on these Four fasts, and it is forbidden to break the fence (i.e. not fast) Rema: However, those who are pregnant or nursing that are very distressed, do not fast [Hagaos Maimoni and the Maggid Chapter 5]. And even if they (the above) are not distressed, they are not obligated to fast, rather customarily they are strict. (This lack of obligation for those in a lack of distress) is specifically on the 3 fasts, but Tisha B'av, they are obligated to complete (the fast) [like that brought in Siman 554 Paragraph 5]
Rásbá szerint mindmáig nem "túl" kötelező:
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Rámbán szerint viszont az.
Szintén kiderül a szavaiból: a "rácu" a rovra vonatkozik, nem a jáchidra.
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Ros is így látja a jáchid-cibur viszonyt:
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Viszont a Rámbám nem:
Transmission of testimony in seeing the New Moon is not other than in Jerusalem, but from Jerusalme, the Jewish court sends out emissaries/messengers to the entire country as it will be explained. But during the Second Temple period they would not fast on the tenth of [the month of] Tevet nor on the seventeenth of [the month of] Tammuz, but a person who wanted could fast or not fast and therefore, they would not go forth regarding [the month of] Tevet nor on [the month of] Tammuz, as God said (Zechariah 8:19): “The fast of the fourth month, the fast of the fifth month, the fast of the seventh month, and the fast of the tenth month shall beccome occasions for joy and gladnes, happy fstivals for the House of Judah,” like these He (i.e., God) gave the choise in their hands on those days that if they want, they can fast on them, or that they should not fast (see Tractate Rosh Hashanah 18b). And the fast of the fourth month is the seventeenth day of Tammuz, because Tammu is the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth month is Tisha B’Av/Ninth of Av which is the fifth month, and the fast of the seventh month is the Fast of Gedaliah, and the fast of the tenth month is the tenth of Tevet because it is the tenth month. But they would fast on the Ninth of Av, even though it was delivered to their wills because the troubles were multiplied on it, as will be explained in [Tractate] Taaniyot (in Chapter 4, Mishnah 6).