Ki fizessen a rovarirtásért? A szekuláris világban visszatérő, komoly máchloket. Felmerült, hogy a szekuláris jog miért nem "paszkenolta" ezt, ezzel sok vitának helyet hagyva?
Már a Misna is tárgyalja, hogy kinek kell javítania.
If one rented a house to his fellow, he is obligated to provide it with a door, a bolt a lock and anything which is the work of a craftsman. However, that which is not the work of a craftsman, the tenant must make himself. The manure [which collects in the courtyard] belongs to the owner of the house, and the tenant can only claim the refuse from the oven and the stove.
Megdöbbentő: úgy tűnik, hogy csak belépéskor kell a lakásnak jónak lennie, utána akár össze is dőlhet.
If one rented a house to his fellow and it fell down, the owner must build him a new house. If it was small he may not make it larger, and if it was large he may not make it smaller. If it was one house, he may not make it two; if it was two houses he may not make it one. He may not reduce or increase the number of windows, unless it is with both of their consent.
MISHNA: If one rents out a house to another, the landlord bears the responsibility for providing the door, for providing the bolt, for providing the lock, and for providing every item in the house that is essential for normal living and requires the work of a craftsman to provide it. But with regard to an item that does not require the work of a craftsman, the renter is responsible to make it.
GEMARA:The Sages taught in a baraita: If one rents out a house to another, the landlord bears the responsibility to install doors for it, to open windows in its walls to provide light for it, to strengthen its ceiling, and to support its cross beam. And the renter bears the responsibility to make a ladder for it to provide access to the roof, to erect a parapet for its roof (see Deuteronomy 22:8), to construct a gutter for it to carry away rain which falls on the roof, and to plaster its roof so that rain does not leak through it.
Ez a Su"Á pszákja is.
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Zavaró, Talmud-típusú chiluk (de elképzelhető, hogy akkoriban normális volt): a nyelvhasználaton múlik. A mai szerződések nem így működnek.
GEMARA:What are the circumstances of the mishna’s case? If it is a case where the landlord said to the renter: I am renting this house to you, once it has fallen, it has gone and the rental agreement does not obligate the landlord to provide another one. If it is a case where the landlord said to him: I am renting a house to you, without specification, then even if the original house had one room, why may the landlord not construct its replacement with two rooms, and if the original was small, why may the landlord not construct a large house as a replacement?
Visszahivatkozik egy korábbi, ellentmondó pszákra: ott az van, ha az egész ház dől össze, mondható, hogy már nincsen a ház (nem kell cserepéldány! ökörnél miért kell?), de egy részénél nem, ott köteles kijavítani.
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Remo is erre utalhat, hiszen visszahivatkozik. A Kcot ezzel kapcsolatban kérdésben marad, az Áh"S egyszerűen paszkenol: mindent ki kell javítania a mászkirnak.
Szóval igazából azon vitatkoznak, hogy mindent vagy semmit – megkülönböztetésen, felelősségen nem.
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Pitché Chosen Szechirut 6-ból releváns:
3: az is kérdés, hogy egyáltalán szükséges-e a lakhatáshoz a rovarirtás (135. o. קד)
9: kilkul is számít-e úgy mint náfál (146. o. קטו)
10: mákát mediná (151. o. קכ) Ez egy hosszú szugja, hogyhogy nem szerepelt a Su"Á-ban? Nem ez a szimán?
In the case of one who receives a field from another to cultivate and grasshoppers consumed it or it was wind blasted, if it is a regional disaster which affected all the fields in the area, the cultivator subtracts from the produce he owes as part of his tenancy. If it is not a regional disaster, the cultivator does not subtract from the produce he owes as part of his tenancy. Rabbi Yehuda says: If the cultivator received it from the owner for a fixed sum of money, whether this way, i.e., there is a regional disaster, or whether that way, i.e., there was no regional disaster, he does not subtract the produce he owes as part of his tenancy.
GEMARA: The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of a regional disaster? Rav Yehuda said: If, for example, most of that valley in which the field was located was wind blasted, it is considered a regional disaster. Ulla said: If, for example, four fields were wind blasted on its four sides, it is considered a regional disaster.
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Szóval nagy szugja, sok szimán, ott a Misna és a Gemárá is a helyén, a Su"Á mezőre alkalmazva folytatja így.