פסחים ק״ח א:ו׳
We learned in the mishna that even the poorest of Jews should not eat until he reclines. It was stated that amora’im discussed the requirement to recline. Everyone agrees that matza requires reclining, i.e., one must recline when eating matza, and bitter herbs do not require reclining. With regard to wine, it was stated in the name of Rav Naḥman that wine requires reclining, and it was also stated in the name of Rav Naḥman that wine does not require reclining.
שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תע״ב:ב׳
He will arrange his table beautifully with fine dishes according to his ability, and he will prepare his seating place to recline in a dignified manner. Rema: Even a poor person who has no cushions should sit on a bench (Mordechai, beginning of the chapter on Erev Pesach)
שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תע״ב:ג׳
When he reclines, he should not lean on his back, nor on his face, nor on his right side, but on his left side. (There is no distinction between a person who is lame and one who is not.)(Tur in the name of Rashi and the Tosefot, in siman 136)
פסחים ק״ח א:י׳
A woman who is with her husband is not required to recline, but if she is an important woman, she is required to recline. A son who is with his father is required to recline. A dilemma was raised before the Sages: What is the halakha with regard to a student who is with his teacher? Perhaps he is not obligated to recline, as he is in awe of his rabbi, and reclining is a sign of complete freedom and independence.
שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תע״ב:ה׳
A son must recline when dining with his father, even if his father is a distinguished scholar. However, a student does not need to recline before his teacher, even if the teacher is not a distinguished scholar, unless the teacher gives him permission. A great Torah scholar of his generation, even if he did not learn from him, is considered like his teacher and does not need to recline. (This is specifically when they are eating at the same table, but if the student eats at a separate table, he must recline.)
משנה ברורה תע״ב:י״ג
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משנה פסחים י׳:א׳
On the eve of Pesah close to minhah one may not eat until nightfall. Even the poorest person in Israel must not eat [on the night of Pesah] until he reclines. And they should give him not less than four cups [of wine], and even from the charity plate.
תלמוד ירושלמי פסחים י׳:א׳:ד׳
Rebbi Levi said, because usually slaves eat while standing, and here one is forced to eat lying on couches, to proclaim that they went from slavery to freedom. Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: This olive-sized bit with which a person fulfills his obligation on Passover he must eat lying down. Rebbi Yose asked before Rebbi Simon, even a slave before his master, even a woman before her husband? He said to him, great personality, that is all I heard.
משנה תורה, הלכות חמץ ומצה ז׳:ו׳
In each and every generation, a person must present himself as if he, himself, has now left the slavery of Egypt, as [Deuteronomy 6:23] states: "He took us out from there." Regarding this manner, God commanded in the Torah: "Remember that you were a slave [Deuteronomy 5:15]" - i.e., as if you, yourself, were a slave and went out to freedom and were redeemed.
משנה תורה, הלכות חמץ ומצה ז׳:ז׳
Therefore, when a person feasts on this night, he must eat and drink while he is reclining in the manner of free men. Each and every one, both men and women, must drink four cups of wine on this night. [This number] should not be reduced. Even a poor person who is sustained by charity should not have fewer than four cups. The size of each of these cups should be a quarter [of a log].
שמות רבה כ׳:י״ח
What is “led the people around [vayasev]”? The Holy One blessed be He encompassed them, just as He says: “I will be for it, the utterance of the Lord, a wall of fire around” (Zechariah 2:9) – like a shepherd who was herding his flock and saw wolves coming to attack the flock, and he encircled the flock so they would not be harmed. So too, when Israel departed from Egypt, there were chieftains of Edom, Moav, and Canaan standing and giving counsel [as to] how to come and attack Israel. When the Holy One blessed be He saw that it was so, He encircled [Israel] so they would not come and attack them, as it is stated: “God led the people around [vayasev].” Not only in this world, but so it will be in the World to Come. From where [is this derived?] It is as David says: “Jerusalem, mountains surround it and the Lord surrounds His people” (Psalms 125:2). Alternatively, “God led the people around [vayasev]” – from here our Rabbis said: “Even the poor of Israel may not eat until he reclines [yasev]” (Mishna Pesaḥim 10:1) as that is what the Holy One blessed be He did to them, as it is stated: “God led [the people] around [vayasev].”
שמות י״ג:י״ח
So God led the people round about, by way of the wilderness at the Sea of Reeds. Now the Israelites went up armed out of the land of Egypt.
ערוך השולחן, אורח חיים תע״ב:ג׳
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