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Bava Batra 12b:11ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™ืดื‘ ื‘:ื™ืดื

ื”ึธื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึทืŸ ืึทืจึฐืขึธื ืึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึธื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ื ึฐืฉืึตื™ื”ึผ. ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึธื ืคึผึธืœึฐื’ื•ึผ, ืึฒืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ: ืคึผึฐืœึดื™ื’ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทืื™. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื”: ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ื–ึถื” โ€“ ื›ึผื•ึนืคึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื.

Eruvin 49a:9ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืดื˜ ื:ื˜ืณ

ื•ึผื›ึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผื•ึนืคึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื.

Ketubot 103a:7ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงืดื’ ื:ื–ืณ

ื•ึฐืœึธื ืึฒืžึทืจึทืŸ ืึถืœึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืœึตื™ืช ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื˜ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึธื ืœึฐืจึดื™ื—ึฐื™ึธื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึดื™ืช ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื˜ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึธื ืœึฐืจึดื™ื—ึฐื™ึธื โ€” ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ื–ื•ึน ื›ึผื•ึนืคึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื.

Bava Kamma 20a:18ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ื›ืณ ื:ื™ืดื—

ื”ึตื™ื›ึดื™ ื“ึธืžึตื™? ืึดื™ืœึผึตื™ืžึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืฆึตืจ ื“ึผึฐืœึธื ืงึธื™ึฐื™ืžึธื ืœึฐืึทื’ึฐืจึธื, ื•ึฐื’ึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื“ึผึฐืœึธื ืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ ืœึฐืžึตื™ื’ึทืจ โ€“ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื ึถื”ึฑื ึถื” ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื—ึธืกึตืจ! ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืฆึตืจ ื“ึผึฐืงึธื™ึฐื™ืžึธื ืœึฐืึทื’ึฐืจึธื, ื•ึฐื’ึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื“ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ ืœึฐืžึตื™ื’ึทืจ โ€“ ื–ึถื” ื ึถื”ึฑื ึถื” ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื—ึธืกึตืจ!

Pirkei Avot 5:10ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืณ:ื™ืณ

ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึดื“ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธื. ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืšึฐ, ื–ื•ึน ืžึดื“ึผึธื” ื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึนื ึดื™ืช. ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื, ื–ื•ึน ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื. ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™, ืขึทื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืšึฐ, ื—ึธืกึดื™ื“. ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™, ืจึธืฉืึธืข:

Bartenura on Pirkei Avot 5:10:2ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืณ:ื™ืณ:ื‘ืณ

ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื–ื•ึน ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื. ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืœึธื‘ึนื ืœึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื, ืฉืึถืžึผึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืจึธื’ึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืšึฐ, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื ึถื”ึฑื ึถื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึธืกึตืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน, ื•ึฐื–ื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืžึดื“ึผึทืช ืกึฐื“ื•ึนื, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื•ึผึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึถื’ึถืœ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึทืช ื™ึธื“ึทื™ึดื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื—ึฒืกึตืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื:

Bava Kamma 19b:13ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ื™ืดื˜ ื‘:ื™ืดื’

ื•ึฐืึดื ื ึถื”ึฑื ึตื™ืช โ€“ ืžึฐืฉืึทืœึผึถืžึถืช ืžึทื” ืฉืึผึถื ึผึถื”ึฑื ึตื™ืช.

Mishneh Torah, Robbery and Lost Property 3:9ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ืœื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ื’ืณ:ื˜ืณ

ื”ึทื“ึผึธืจ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึทืจ ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืžึดื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน. ืึดื ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื—ึธืฆึตืจ ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ึธื” ืœึฐืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ. ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืจ ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน. ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื ึถื”ึฑื ึถื” ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึธืกึตืจ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึถื—ึธืฆึตืจ ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ึธื” ืœึฐืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื–ึถื” ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื—ึดืกึผึฐืจื•ึน ืžึธืžื•ึนืŸ:

Shulchan Arukh, Choshen Mishpat 363:9ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืกืดื’:ื˜ืณ

ื™"ื ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™' ื“ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืืคื™' ืื ืฉื›ืจื• ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื• ื"ืฆ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืืคื™' ืื ื ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ืฉืฉื›ืจื• ืžืžื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื•ืื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื™ื”ื‘ ืœื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื•:

Shulchan Arukh, Choshen Mishpat 363:6ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืกืดื’:ื•ืณ

ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืชื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ืฆื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ื•ืื ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฆื ืื ืื•ืชื” ื—ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ (ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืจ ื‘ื• (ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืคืจืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจื’ืœ) ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื• ืจืง ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ื’ืจ ื‘ืชืจ ื”ืื™ ืฉืขืชื ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ) (ื "ื™ ืค' ื”ื "ืœ) ืืข"ืค ืฉื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื ื” ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจ: ื”ื’ื” ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืจ ื‘ื• ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ืคื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื ื• ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืืข"ืค ื“ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื ื” ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจ ื”"ืž ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื—ืฆื™ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื (ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื "ื™ ืคืจืง ื”ื "ืœ) ื•ืื ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ืกืจื• ืžืžื•ืŸ: ื”ื’ื” ืžื™ื”ื• ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจ ื‘ื• ืืœื ืฉื’ื–ืœื• ืžืžื ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช (ื˜ื•ืจ ืก"ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืžื”ืจืž"ื”) ื•ืกืชื ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ ืœืื’ืจื ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื• ืžืขื•ืœื (ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืค' ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื•ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืค"ื’ ื“ื’ื–ื™ืœื” ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืช"ื” ืกื™' ืฉื™"ื–):