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Exodus 1:21ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื
And [God] established households for the midwives, because they feared God.
ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ•ื™ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื™ึธืจึฐืึฅื•ึผ ื”ึทึฝืžึฐื™ึทืœึผึฐื“ึนึ–ืช ืึถืชึพื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฅืขึทืฉื‚ ืœึธื”ึถึ–ื ื‘ึผึธืชึผึดึฝื™ืืƒ
Rashi on Exodus 1:21:1ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ืืณ
ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื HE MADE THEM HOUSES โ€” houses (dynasties) of the priesthood and the Levites and of royalty which are all termed ื‘ืชื™ื, โ€œhousesโ€, as it is said, (1 Kings 9:1) โ€œand Solomon built the house of the Lord and the house of the kingโ€: โ€œthe house of the Lordโ€ i. e. a dynasty of priests and Levites โ€” from Jochebed (Shifrah); and โ€œthe house of the kingโ€, i. e. a royal dynasty โ€” from Miriam (Puah), just as it is stated in Treatise Sotah 11b.
ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื. ื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ ื›ึฐื”ึปื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถืงึผึฐืจื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื˜ืณ:ืืณ), ื›ึผึฐื”ึปื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื” ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื›ึถื‘ึถื“ ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืžึดืžึผึดืจึฐื™ึธืโ€ช.โ€ฌ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐืึดื™ืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืกึผึถื›ึถืช ืกื•ึนื˜ึธื”:โ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌโ€ฌ
Gur Aryeh on Shemot 1:21:1ื’ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ืืณ
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ืฉืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื. ื•ื™ืจืื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืงืจื "ื‘ื™ืช" ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืžื• ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื•, ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจื "ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš" (ืž"ื ื˜, ื). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ื’' ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช; ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืœื ืชื•ืกืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช โ€“ ืื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื›) "ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืžืœื›ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•", ื•ื“ืจืฉื• (ืกื™ืคืจื™ ืฉื) ื‘ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ, ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจืื• "ื‘ืชื™ื", ื›ืš ื ืจืื”:
Rashbam on Exodus 1:21:1ืจืฉื‘"ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ืืณ
.ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื. A form of house arrest, to prevent them from attending Jewish women about to give birth.
ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื - ืœืฉืžืจื ืคืŸ ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช.
Da'at Zekenim on Exodus 1:21:1ื“ืขืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ืืณ
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื• ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, โ€œas a result of the midwives displaying that they were Gโ€“d fearing, etc. instead of obeying Pharaohโ€™s commands, he established houses where they had to check in and report on their activities.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื• ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช. ืคื™' ื›ืฉืจืื” ืคืจืขื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืืฆืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช:
Chizkuni, Exodus 1:21:2ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™, ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ื‘ืณ
ื‘ืชื™ื, literally, โ€œhouses,โ€ but that word is a substitute for โ€œfamilies,โ€ in this instance. The children of human beings are often referred to as ื‘ื™ืช, as we find in connection with David Samuel II 7,11: ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื”' ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš , โ€œthe Lord has told you that he will let you have children.โ€ [The author followsthis with more examples. Ed.] Here too, the midwives gave birth to sons, including such people as Moses. A different explanation of our verse: The subject in the verse is not G-d, but Pharaoh, who set apart houses for the midwives from which they were not to depart. Instead of their visiting expectant mothers, these were brought to the midwives for treatment when their due date drew near. This would facilitate male babies being drowned forthwith.
ื‘ืชื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื™ืฉื ื“ืดโ€Žื ื‘ืœืขืดโ€Žื–. ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€Ž ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€Ž ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื•. ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“. ื“ืดโ€Žื ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื–ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืฉื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ื“ืชื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื.
Chizkuni, Exodus 1:21:2ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™, ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ื‘ืณ
ื‘ืชื™ื, literally, โ€œhouses,โ€ but that word is a substitute for โ€œfamilies,โ€ in this instance. The children of human beings are often referred to as ื‘ื™ืช, as we find in connection with David Samuel II 7,11: ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื”' ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš , โ€œthe Lord has told you that he will let you have children.โ€ [The author followsthis with more examples. Ed.] Here too, the midwives gave birth to sons, including such people as Moses. A different explanation of our verse: The subject in the verse is not G-d, but Pharaoh, who set apart houses for the midwives from which they were not to depart. Instead of their visiting expectant mothers, these were brought to the midwives for treatment when their due date drew near. This would facilitate male babies being drowned forthwith.
ื‘ืชื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื™ืฉื ื“ืดโ€Žื ื‘ืœืขืดโ€Žื–. ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€Ž ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€Ž ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื•. ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“. ื“ืดโ€Žื ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื–ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืฉื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ื“ืชื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื.
Rabbeinu Bahya, Shemot 1:21:3ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ื’ืณ
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ื•ืข"ื“ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื, ื‘ืจื›ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื•ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“, ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืžืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœืดื”:ื™ืดื˜-ื›ืณ) ื‘ื™ืช ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”' ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”', ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืœืช ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคืจืขื” ืจืง ืืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื• ืคืจืขื” ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฆื• ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•, ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืžืœืช ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ืฉ"ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืจืขื”, ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืœืช ืœื”ื ืœืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืฉื™ืชืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืณ:ื™ืดื–) ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื’ืจืฉื•ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื™ืขืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืง ืืช ืฆืื ื,
Shadal on Exodus 1:21:1ืฉื“"ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืณ:ื›ืดื:ืืณ
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ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื: ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื–"ืœ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื”' ืขืฉื” ืœืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื‘"ืข ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืžื•ืœ ืžืืช ื”' ืืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืงืœืขืจ' ื•ืจืื–' ืฉื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืจึฐื‘ึธื” ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืง' ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื (ืข"ื“ ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืžื™ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื™"ื‘ ื™"ื•), ืืœื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืก"ื— ื–'); ื•ื‘ื™ื–' (Thesaurus p. 193) ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื“ ื’'), ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืฆืขืกื™ื•ืก ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ื›ืœืœืช ืขื ืจื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื–ืจืข, ื›ื˜ืขื ื’ื ื ื‘ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืฉืขื” (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’' ื˜"ื•); ื•ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ื™ ืขืจืืžื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ืจื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืจืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืœื›ื ื” ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช; ื•ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืกืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืžื‘ืž"ืŸ, ื•ืจ' ืžืฉื” ื—ืคืฅ (ืžืœืื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช) ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื ื•ื“ืขื” ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื ืชืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ha molte case, ื•ืจืžื‘ืž"ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจืื• ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื”ืืœ ืœื”ื (ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื– ื•ื™ืฆื• ืคืจืขื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ ื•ื’ื•', ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื™ืฆืช ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืงืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื–ืจืข, ื›ื™ ืžื” ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืืื–"ืœ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืฆื• ืœืฉืœื ื’ืžื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืžืจ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื; ื•ื’ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ืœ"ืœ ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš ื”' (ืฉ"ื‘ ื–' ื™"ื), ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจื–"ืœ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื”' ื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืชื™ื.