ืืื ืืืงื ืฉืืืฉ ืืคื ืืช?
Darkah shel Torah 10:24ืืจืื ืฉื ืชืืจื ืืณ:ืืดื
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ืืฆืืจืชื ืฉื ืืกืืื ืืืคื ืืืืืื ืข"ื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืฉืืฉ ืืคื ืืช ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืืื ืืืชืืจื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืืืืช ืื ืืฉืืืฉ.
Maor VaShemesh, Sukkot 1:12ืืืืจ ืืฉืืฉ, ืกืืืืช ืืณ:ืืดื
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ืืชื ื ืขืืืืื ืืืฆืืงื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืขื ืืืืืจื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื' ืืืืฃ ื' ืืืืชื ืขื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืงื"ื ืื' ืื ืฉืืจื ืืข"ืฉ ืืืื ืืฉืืช ืื ืฉืื ืืจื ืืื' ืืื ืืขืคื"ื ืืฆืื ืงืื ืืฉ ืื ืืกืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืื' ืืืืื ืงืจื ืื' ืืฆืื ืงืื ืืฉืื ืืืืช ืื' ืืกืจืื ืืืก ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืฉื ืกืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืื ืืืงื"ื ืืงืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืื ืืื' ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืกืืืชื ืืืืฆื. ืจืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฆืื ืงืื ืืฉ ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืจืื ืืืืขืืช ืืืืข ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืืื ืขื ืฉืืขืฉื ืื ืกืืื ืืื ืื ืื"ื ืืืจื ืฉืืฉืืื ืื ื ืงืจืืช ืงืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืกืจืื ืืืก ื"ื ืขื ืืจืื ืชืฆืืจื ืืืืืขื ืจืื. ืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืกืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืฆืืจื ืืืฉืืืขื ื ืืงืื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืขืฉืื ืขื ืืืจืฅ. ืื ืื ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืงื"ื ืืงืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืขืืจื ืื"ื ืืื ืืื ืืงื"ื ืื ืืืจืื ื' ืขื ืืจืืืชืื. ืืื ื ืืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืื ืคื ืืืื ืข"ืคื ืืฉื ืชืื ื ืืกืืื ืกืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืฉืจืื ืืื ืคืกืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืฉ ืืคื ืืช ืคืกืืื ืืฉืืืชื ืืจืืื ืืฆืืชื ืคืกืืื ืื ืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืข ืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืงืืืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืขืช ืขืืืืช ืืขืืืืืช. ืืื ื ืจ"ื ืืื"ืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืกืืช ืืื ืขืช ืืชืืืืช ืืืกืืื ืืจื ืืืืืช ืื ืืืจ ืืฉื ืืจื ืืงืืืฉ ืืืืงื ืื"ื ืืง"ืง ืืืจืืืืฉืื ืืฆืืง"ื ืขื ืืืืจืื ื ืืกืืืืช ืจืืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืขืืื ืืช ืืคืืจืฉ ืฉืืคื ื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืชืชืืกืฃ ืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืจืื ืืกืชืชืจืื ืืกืืื ืื ืืืงืืจืืืื ืืืืกืืื ืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืกืื ืืฉืืขื ืขื ื ืื ืืจืืืืื ืืืฉืืขื ืจืืขืื ืืืฉืคืืืื ืขืืืืื ืฉืืืจืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืชื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืื ืืื. ืืื ื ื' ืคืขืืื ืืกืืืช ื ืืืจ ืืคืกืืง ืืกืืช ืชืฉืื ืืื' ืื ืืืืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉืื ืืกืืช ืื' ืืกืืืช ืืืฉืืชื ืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืจืืืืื ืืื' ืกืืืืช ืืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืื "ื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืงืืฃ ืืืช ืืืืืช ืืื. ืืืกืืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืืงืืฃ ืฉื ืื' ืืืืช. ืืืกืืื ืื' ืืืงืืฃ ืฉืชืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืงืืืืื ืืฆืืช ืกืืื ืืืืืื ืืื"ื ืืื"ื ืืื "ื ืืืืฉืืืื ืืฉืคืขื ืืื' ืขืืื ืืจื ืื' ืื ืื' ืชืชืื ืืืชืืชืงืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืฉื ืืืชืืืื ืืืกืืื ืขื ืืื "ื ืืื ื' ืืกืืื ืืืืืข ืื ืืืช ืืกืื ื ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืงืืืฉ ืื ืืืืืื ืืชืชื ืืขืืื ืืจื ืืืืืืช ืืื' ืืกืืื ืืขื"ื ืืืฉืืืื ืืฉืคืข ืืขืืื ืืชืชื ืืืืืข ืืืืืจ ืืื"ืืง ืขื ืคืกืืง ืฉืื ื ื ืืืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืื' ืืืืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืืขื ืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืงืฆื ืืฉืืื ืขื ืงืฆืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืชื ืจืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืืขืื ืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ื ืืจื ืข"ื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืกื ืืื ื ืืืืขืื ืืืืช ืืกื ืืื ืจืฉืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืข"ื ืื ื ืชืืื ืจืง ื"ื ืฉืขืจื ืืื ื ืืื ืฉืขืจ ืื ื"ื ืืืขืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืืฆืืืืชื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืฉื ืชืื ื ืกืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืฉืจืื ืืื ืคืกืืื ืจืืื ืฉืืฉืจืื ื ืื ืกืื ืืชืชื ืืขืืื ืืจื ืื' ืืกืืื ืืืืฉืืืื ืขื"ื ืืืกืืื ืืขืืื ืืชืชื ืืืชืชื ืืขืืื ืื ื' ืืืขืืื ืืชืชื ืื ื"ื ื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืืื ืื"ื ืืืืช ืืืืืช ืฉืืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ื"ื ืื"ื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืคืกืืื ืฉืืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืื ื"ื ืฉืืื ืื ื' ืืคื ืืช ืคืกืืื ืจืืื ืื ืื' ืืืืช ืฉืืฉืืื ืื' ืกืืืืช ืืืืืืจื ื"ื ืฉืืืขืื ืืื' ืกืืืืช ืืื ืฉื ืกืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืจืืื ืืฆืืชื ืจืืื ืื "ื ืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืืจืืช ืืขืืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืืืืช ืื ื"ื ืคืกืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืฆืื ืงื"ื ืืฉ ืื ืจืืื ืฉืข"ื ืืกืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืื' ืืกืืื ืขื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืื' ืชืชืื ืื' ืืืืืช ืขืืืื ืง"ื ืืืชืืืืื ืขื ืื' ืืืื ืงื"ื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืจื ืฉืืฉืจืื ืขืืฉืื ืฉืขืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืชืชื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืจื ืืืืืืช ืจืง ืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืืฉื ืื ืกืืื ืืจืืฉ ืื"ื ืจืืื ืฉืืืื ืืขืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืก ืื ืื' ืจืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืคืื. ืืืงื"ื ืืงืืืจ ืขืืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ื ืฉืืืืื ืฉื ืื ืกืื ืืืขืื ืืืืืืช ืืื' ืกืืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื' ืืืชื ืืจืืื ืืฆืืชื ืฉืืืจื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืกืืืชื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืกืื ืืืขืื ืื' ืกืืืืช ืื "ื.
Aderet Eliyahu, Deuteronomy 7:13:1ืืืจืช ืืืืื, ืืืจืื ืืณ:ืืดื:ืืณ
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ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื'. ืืฉื ืืื ืขืฉืจื ืืจืืืช. ื' ืืืืื. ื' ืืืจืื. ื' ืืืจืื. ื' ืืืจื ืคืจื ืืื ื. ื' ืืคืจื ืืืืชื ื' ืืื ื. ื' ืืชืืจืฉื. ื' ืืืฆืืจื. ื' ืฉืืจ ืืืคืื. ื' ืืขืฉืชืจืช ืฆืื ื. ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจื ืื ื ืืืงืื ืืฉืืฉื. ืืฉืืขื. ืืืฉืืขื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืจืืขื ืืื ืฉืชืจืื ืืกืืืืช ืืฉ ืขืฉืจื ืืฆืืช. ืฉืืฉ ืืคื ืืช ืืกืืื. ืฉืืฉื ืืืกืื ืฉื ื ืขืจืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืชืจืื ืืื ืื ืขืฉืจื. ืืืื ื ืืืงืื ืืฉืืฉื ืืฉืืขื ืกืืื ืืคื ื ืขืฆืื ื'. ืืฉืืขื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืขื ื ืืืืื ืืืจืืขื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืื. ืืืฉืืฉ ืืคื ืืช ืฉื ืกืืื ืื ืืืืกื ืืฉืืฉ ืคืืจืขื ืืืช ืืืจื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจ. ืืคื ื ืฉืืืืช ืืจื ืืืจ ืื ื ืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืคืชื. ืืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืงืืดื ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืขืื ืืื ืจืื ืืืฉ ืืืื. ืืืดืฉ ืจืืดื ืื ืฉืคืจืข ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืกืืื ืืืืฆืจืื ืืื. ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืคืจืข ืืืื. ืืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืจืื ืฉื ' ืืืคืฅ ื' ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉื ืกืืื ืืืฉ ืืืคืจืืช. ืืืืฆืจืื ืคืจืข ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืืช ืืจื. ืฉื ' ืืืฉ ืืชืืงืืช ืืชืื ืืืจื ืื ืืฉ ืืืื. ืื ืืืจ ืื' ื ืชื ืงืืช ืืืจื. ืงืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืดืฉ ืืกืคืจ ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืช ืืจื ืืช ืื ืืืคืชื ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืื ืืชืื ืฉื ืืงืืดื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืืื ืืืืืืจื ืืืื ืื' ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืฉืืฉ ืคืืจืขื ืืืช ืืื. ืืืืืฉื ืืกืืื ืื ืฆื ืืฉืืฉ ืคืืจืขื ืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืื ืจืื. ืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืืฉ. ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืฉืจื ืืจืืืช ืืฉืืฉื ืืฉืืขื. ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืจืื. ืื ืฉืืฉื ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืขืช. ืืื ืื ื ืคืฉ ืจืื ืื ืฉืื. ืืืืดื ืืฉื ืฉืืขื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืจืืขื ืืฆืืดื. ืืืจื ืคืจื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืจ. ืฉืืจ ืืืคืื ืืขืฉืชืจืช ืฆืื ื. ืื ืืื. ืืื ื ืืชืืจืฉื ืืืฆืืจื ืื ืืฆืืื. ืืคืจื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืืื:
Rabbeinu Bahya, Devarim 16:14:2ืจืื ื ืืืื, ืืืจืื ืืดื:ืืดื:ืืณ
A kabbalistic approach: The three festivals listed here in their proper sequence correspond to the three patriarchs who represented the three attributes of ืืกื, ืืื, ืจืืืื, โloving kindnessโ (undeserved), โJustice,โ โMercyโ (allowance being made for manโs inadequacy). Pessach symbolises that on the one hand Gโd practiced judgments on the Egyptians when He killed their firstborn, whereas at the same time He extended kindness to us by โpassing overโ the houses of the Jewish people. [Remember that Gโd did not entrust this task to an angel, as angels do not have the latitude to extend this kind of kindness when it is not warranted by some merits. Ed.]
Onkelos translates the word ืืคืกื, which we normally translate as โhe passed over,โ (Exodus 12,23) as ืืืืืก, โHe displayed loving kindness.โ This is also reflected in Psalms 136,10: โWho struck Egypt through their first-born, His steadfast love is eternal.โ Whereas this plague was judgment meted out to the Egyptians, it was a great act of kindness for the Israelite firstborn.
Shavuot corresponds to the attribute of Mercy, an attribute which usually reconciles the opposing demands of the attributes of Chessed and Justice respectively. This is why the sages in Berachot 58 consider the term ืืืชืคืืจืช in Chronicles I 29,11 as referring to the giving of the Torah. The Torah was given under the exclusive aegis of the tetragram. Sukkot on the other hand, corresponds to the attribute of Justice.
The very word ืกืืื is interpreted in Megillah 14 as โHoly Spiritโ [Avraham was told by Gโd to submit to the dictates of Sarah known already as ืืกืื when introduced in Genesis 11,29. She was covered like a ืกืืื with Holy Spirit.] When David writes in Psalms 68,18: โthe Lord is among them (the myriads of chariots) at Sinai in holiness,โ he referred to the difference between ืกืื ื ืืงืืฉ and ืืงืืฉ ืกืื ื respectively. Had the Torah written the latter formulation I would have thought that a place was assigned to the Lord. As it is, it is the reverse. He determines โplace,โ no one determines a place for Him. He is the โplaceโ of the universe. Even the (whole) universe is not โHis place.โ The meaning of ืืงืื ืขืืืื is similar to ืืืช ืขืืืื. We find that ืืืช is an allusion to ืืืื already in the very first letter ื in the Torah, at the beginning of the Torah. Just as ืืืื is known as ืืืช, so ืกืืื is known as ืืืช (compare Genesis 33,17); in other words ืกืืื symbolizes ืืืื. Solomon reinforces this concept in Proverbs 24,3: โa house is built by wisdom.โ The symbolism is extended by our author to include the three walls which the ืกืืื has to have and which are symbolized by the shape of the letter ื which is closed on three sides. [Although the author sees the festival Sukkot as representing the attribute of Justice, presumably because it follows the activity of that attribute during the early part of the month of Tishrey, he goes out of his way to equate the procedures of building a Sukkah with the emanation ืืืื which is only one rung below the highest emanation ืืชืจ, and several rungs above that of ืืื, Justice. Observance of the commandments then signifies that we have successfully contended with that attribute with the conclusion of Yom Kippur. Ed.].
Onkelos translates the word ืืคืกื, which we normally translate as โhe passed over,โ (Exodus 12,23) as ืืืืืก, โHe displayed loving kindness.โ This is also reflected in Psalms 136,10: โWho struck Egypt through their first-born, His steadfast love is eternal.โ Whereas this plague was judgment meted out to the Egyptians, it was a great act of kindness for the Israelite firstborn.
Shavuot corresponds to the attribute of Mercy, an attribute which usually reconciles the opposing demands of the attributes of Chessed and Justice respectively. This is why the sages in Berachot 58 consider the term ืืืชืคืืจืช in Chronicles I 29,11 as referring to the giving of the Torah. The Torah was given under the exclusive aegis of the tetragram. Sukkot on the other hand, corresponds to the attribute of Justice.
The very word ืกืืื is interpreted in Megillah 14 as โHoly Spiritโ [Avraham was told by Gโd to submit to the dictates of Sarah known already as ืืกืื when introduced in Genesis 11,29. She was covered like a ืกืืื with Holy Spirit.] When David writes in Psalms 68,18: โthe Lord is among them (the myriads of chariots) at Sinai in holiness,โ he referred to the difference between ืกืื ื ืืงืืฉ and ืืงืืฉ ืกืื ื respectively. Had the Torah written the latter formulation I would have thought that a place was assigned to the Lord. As it is, it is the reverse. He determines โplace,โ no one determines a place for Him. He is the โplaceโ of the universe. Even the (whole) universe is not โHis place.โ The meaning of ืืงืื ืขืืืื is similar to ืืืช ืขืืืื. We find that ืืืช is an allusion to ืืืื already in the very first letter ื in the Torah, at the beginning of the Torah. Just as ืืืื is known as ืืืช, so ืกืืื is known as ืืืช (compare Genesis 33,17); in other words ืกืืื symbolizes ืืืื. Solomon reinforces this concept in Proverbs 24,3: โa house is built by wisdom.โ The symbolism is extended by our author to include the three walls which the ืกืืื has to have and which are symbolized by the shape of the letter ื which is closed on three sides. [Although the author sees the festival Sukkot as representing the attribute of Justice, presumably because it follows the activity of that attribute during the early part of the month of Tishrey, he goes out of his way to equate the procedures of building a Sukkah with the emanation ืืืื which is only one rung below the highest emanation ืืชืจ, and several rungs above that of ืืื, Justice. Observance of the commandments then signifies that we have successfully contended with that attribute with the conclusion of Yom Kippur. Ed.].
ืืืจื ืืงืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืคืจืฉืืืช ืืกืืจื ืคืกื ืฉืืืขืืช ืกืืืช ืื ืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืืช, ืืืกื ืืืืื ืืืจืืืื. ืคืกื ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืกื, ืืืฉืื (ืฉืืืช ืืดื:ืืดื) ืืคืกื ื' ืขื ืืคืชื, ืืชืจืื ืืื ืงืืืก ืืืืืก, ืืืื ืฉืืชืื (ืชืืืืื ืงืืดื:ืืณ-ืืดื) ืืืื ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืจืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืกืื, ืฉืืจื ืืืช ืืืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืฆืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืกื ืืืฉืจืื. ืฉืืืขืืช ืื ืื ืืืช ืจืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืืข, ืืืื ืืจืฉื (ืืืจื ืืืืื ื ืื) ืืืชืคืืจืช, ืื ืืชื ืชืืจื, ืืคื ืฉืืชืืจื ืืฉื ืืืืืื ื ืชื ื. ืกืืืช ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืฉืื ืกืืื ืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ, ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ืืกืื, ืฉืกืืื ืืจืื"ืง, ืืืื (ืชืืืืื ืกืดื:ืืดื) ืืื ื ืื ืกืื ื ืืงืืฉ, ืืืืืจ ืืืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืฆืืช ืืกืื ืจืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืจืฉื ืงืืฉ ืืกืื ื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืกืื ื ืืงืืฉ, ืืืื ืฉืืงื"ื ืืงืืื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืงืืื. ืืืขื ืื ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืืช ืขืืืื. ืืื ืืืืื ื ืจืืืช ืืื"ืช ืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช, ืืืกืืื ื ืงืจื ืืืช ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื) ืืืขืงื ื ืกืข ืกืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืช, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืืฉืื ืืดื:ืืณ) ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืช, ืืืชืื (ืฉื ื) ืืืช ื ืชืืืืช ื ืฆืื, ืืืืืื ืืงืคืช ืืกืืืืช ืืช ืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืช ืืื"ืช ืฉืืื ืืืงืคืช ืืฉืืฉื ืฆืืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืกืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืคื ืืช, ืฉืชืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืืืฉืืช ืืคืืื ืืคื, ืืืืฆืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืืืฉืืช ืืคืืื ืืคื, ืขื ืขืืงืฆื ืฉื ืื"ืช ืืืืฆื ืืืืืจืื, ืืื ืืืืืจ.